Oil burner



Aug. 9, 1938. J. E. SWEATT OIL BURNER Filed June 15, 1936 Patented Aug.9, 1938 *UNITED STATES ATET oFFieE OIL BURNER James E. Sweatt, Memphis,Tenn.

Application June 15,

1 Claim.

This invention relates to oil burners and more particularly to thatclass of burners for use in furnaces and stoves.

In oil burners, as generally constructed, it is found exceedinglydifficult to properly vaporize the oil which is to be burned withoutgumming up the control valve and nozzles. f

The objects of the present invention are:

To provide an oil burner which is of simple and durable constructionwhich may be readily and easily installed in practically any furnace,and which when installed, provides for the generation of a high degreeof heat and will be economical in l the consumption of fuel;

To provide means for vaporizing the fuel, which means are substantiallyfree from tendency to gum p;

To provide an oil burner having these advantages and which is reliableand safe in operation, and easy to manufacture;

To provide means in an oil burner for regulating and/ or adjusting thesupply of air to the burner whereby to secure from the fuel maximumresults;

r burner taken on the vertical center line, metal parts only being shownon the right half of the figure.

Fig. 2 is a plan view half in section taken as on the line II--II ofFig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section taken on the line IIIIII ofFig. 2.

a ward.

I'B is an annular chamber loosely disposed within the circle of theposts l5, this chamber having substantially cylindrical outer and innerwalls I1 and I8 and an integral annular bottom IS, the in- 1936, SerialNo. 85,186

ner wall preferably being of slightly greater height than the outer wallto minimize chance of overflow of fuel down the flue 2B which is formedby such inner wall. 2| is an annular flange which extends downward fromthe bottom l9 into the annular space in the base I 0 and which serves asameans to relatively center the chamber and base. The annular chamber I6is adjustably supported by screws 22 which are tapped through the baseIn and the lugs I4 and abut the underside of the base of the chamber. Ifdesired additional screws 23'passing loosely through the base I0 andtapped into the chamber base may be used for holding the chamber downagainst the supporting screws 22.

Disposed in the chamber is an annular plate 24 which has holes 25therethrough, this plate being spaced from the bottom I9 and supportedthereabove as by legs 26. It will be noted that the outer diameter ofthe plate 24 is less than the 20 inner diameter of the upper portion ofthe wall H, the wall being suitably inwardly thickened at PM to abut theplate, this reduction in diameter of the plate being made in order thatit may be removed from the chamber without removing an overlying annulardeflector 50, hereinafter referred to. The chamber above the plate 24 isfilled with a refractory material 21 such as crushed fire brick.

Fuel is fed into the chamber through a perforated nipple 28 preferablyclosed at the upper end by a perforated cap 29, the nipple 28 beingpreferably screwed into a boss 30 integral with the chamber bottom I9.Also screwed into this boss, is a nipple 3| which extends downwardloosely through an opening 32 in the base It], this nipple beingconnected through an elbow 33 with a fuel supply pipe 34 which iscontrolled by suitable control valve or mechanism not here shown. Theupper end of the cap 29 closing the nipple 28 preferably lies slightlybelow the level of the refractory filling 21 in the chamber.

Resting solidly on the inner wall I8 of the chamber I6, is a flue cap4i] having a downwardly projecting conically shaped center 4| from whichwings 42 radiate, these wings lying within the flue 20 and being looselycentered by the wall I8 thereof, and having outward extensions 43 whichrest on the top of the wall I8 to support the cap. The upper portion ofthe cap has an outwardly and downwardly extending flange 44 whichextends slightly past the wall I8, its underside forming a curvedcontinuation of the cone 4|, and being held above the top of the wall I8by the supporting wing extensions 43, and forming with the top of thewall l8 an annular continuation of the central draft flue 20 whichdirects air entering through the flue, outwardly and downwardly againstthe surface of the refractory material 21.

Supported on the posts I5 is an annular deflector 50, which deflectormay comprise an annular portion 5| resting on top of the posts l5, agenerally vertical annular portion 52 integral therewith extendingupward from the annular portion 5| and an inwardly extending flangehaving a downwardly extending portion 53, which cooperates with theupper edge of the wall IT to provide an additional air flue 54,downwardly directed toward the top of the chamber IS. The area of thisflue is adjusted by raising or lowering the chamber E6 by meansof thescrews 22.

Disposed around the outside of the posts l5 and depending from theannular portion 5|, is an annular shield 55, which protects the entranceto the air flue 54 from lateral drafts.

In use, fuel is delivered into the annular chamber l6 through the pipe34 and the nipple 28, the valve for controlling the flow not beingshown. When the fuel reaches the desired level in the chamber usuallythe top 'of the refractory material it is ignited, and heating up of therefractory and of the burner parts begins. When sufliciently heated therefractory material vaporizes the oil adjacent its upper surface andthis vapor burning with the air of the central flue 20 and theadditional regulated air through the flue 54, provides the heatingflame. By adjusting the chamber I6 relatively to the edge 53, the areaof the flue 54 may be regulated to provide the proper amount of air toaccomplish complete combustion and intense flame. The air enteringthrough the flue 54 is shielded against direct lateral inflow by thedownwardly extending shield 55, this shield cooperating with the outerside of the wall I! to form an annular flue through which the regulatingflue 54 is supplied, and preventing the rolling and thumping to whichlaterally unprotected flames in such burners are sometimes subjected.

Regulation of the fuel level may be provided by usual and well knowndevices purchasable 1n the open market, and not here shown or involved.

However should the level control fail and the fuel rise to overflowlevel it will necessarily overflow the outer wall which is most remotefrom the highly heated central portions of the burner and is inaddition, in most direct contact with surrounding air by which it may becooled.

The fuel oil which enters through the pipe 34 is distributed through theperforated nipple 28 into the refractory material immediatelytherearound and drops through this material and the perforated plate 24into the annular, open space below such plate through which annularspace it is evenly distributed to the entire base of the refractorymaterial, eventually. rising upward therein to the level fixed.

What I claim is:

In a burner, an annular base plate, having upwardly projecting posts, anupright annular chamber open at its top and disposed above said basewithin the circle of said posts, said chamber surrounding an openingconcentric with the opening in said base, a granular filler in saidchamber, means for conveying liquid to said chamber, the inner wall ofsaid chamber forming an air flue, a spreader cap disposed above saidflue, said cap having a plurality of, downwardly extending flangesresting on said inner wall and supporting said cap in spaced relation tosaid wall, said cap having a concave lower face extending outwardlysubstantially flush with the outer face of said inner wall, and adaptedto direct air outwardly and downwardly toward said filler, an annulardeflector supported by said posts around the top of the outer wall ofsaid chamber and spaced thereabove, said deflector having a concave faceextending inwardly and downwardly substantially flush with the innerface of said outer wall, said deflector being adapted to direct airinwardly and downwardly toward said filler to supplement said outwardlydirected air currents, and means carried by said base for supportingsaid chamber, said means being adjustable to vary the spaced relation ofsaid outer wall and said overlying annular deflector.

JAMES E. SWEA'I'I.

